Chantelle looks at the Barabási readings on networks, paying particular attention to the 80/20 rule (which also describes blogging activity in network media). Kevin also discusses the 80/20 distribution, power laws, preferential attachment and growth. Preferential attachment and growth are important because it is how networks work, and also before being figured out our models for networks tended to think of them as static, and random. Olivia picks up the stuff about power laws, which is the maths behind the long tail. Anna D has a nice post about getting lost and bored, going elsewhere, returning, then a moment where things went click. Louisa discusses 80/20 and wonders if 20% of employees really do generate 80% of profits. Certainly at a university there would be an affinity between 20% producing 80% of the research, and I would suspect research income. Also with the blogs I don’t bother with accurate numbers but there would certainly be no more than 30 very active bloggers in network media out of 130, and in tutorials it is clear that most questions come from a very small group… Samuel mentions power laws and links to A list tech and tech culture blogger Jason Kottke’s post on power laws. Brittany discusses the economics of the long tail, and repeats Anderson’s ‘three rules’.
Splot
Is a term we should all adopt. Thank you Courtney. Story is what a story is about, plot is the order in which it is told. We reconstruct the story from the plot. Story is also sometimes used as the term to describe what happened, and plot is the reason for why this happened. In narratology, the study of narrative as specific sorts of structures and systems, we use the first concept more. Story are the events that happen, plot is how it is narrated.
Unsymposium, more VoxPops
Rebecca has unsymposium dump of notes. They won’t make sense if you weren’t there. James comments on ‘what rhymes with shop’. The point of the example was not to show that authors can’t trick, but that we all think reason is sovereign, comes first, because we think we are in charge and at the end of the day this is much the same as thinking our minds are what is in charge and we’re in charge of our minds. The ‘trick’ is to show that rhyme tricks reason in very simple ways, that reason and logic is very easily conned, seduced, lulled, and so on. Cognitive science knows this, brain biologists and chemists know this, lots of contemporary critical theorists know this. In the same way that every semester attendance declines by approximately 50% when the weather changes. In semester one it is after the first real cold snap. In semester two the first warm one. We all think we’re in charge of our minds and decisions, but this is nature and biology. In winter it is hibernation mode. In spring it is sex, once that sun kicks in your body is all hormones and the last thing nature intended a young body to do in spring is sit still in a windowless room and listen to people talk for 50 minutes. This drop in attendance happens even semester, every year, and always coincides with the change in the weather. It is a conceit to think that 50% of you all ‘decide’ not to come at the same time, the pattern is that consistent, and the numbers that high, that it isn’t a decision that is ‘made’ in the sense of deciding the red shoes or the blue shoes. It is our biology deciding for us.
In relation to writing or making stuff. I know plenty of people who picked the ‘twist’ in Fight Club and The Sixth Sense within a few minutes. This doesn’t make the work successful or not as whether a work ‘works’ is not defined by whether or not it achieves what the author intended. For example, I make propaganda for the Nazi party. I want people to despise several other groups in society to the point where we are happy to execute millions of people. My intention as a maker is clear. Apparently it has worked well. If we think quality equals integrity of my intent then Nazi propaganda needs to be considered as some of the highest creative work we have created. It isn’t. Intent is not what matters, for quality, judgement, and aesthetic experience. Except to the extent as mentioned in the symposium that we take it to be a meaningful thing that intends to say something, and then the game becomes what do we think it wants or is trying to say. But it, not the author or maker. (In the case of something like The Sixth Sense for instance is it the author, screenwriter, director, editor, or is this a Star Trek Borg hive mind where five people’s minds have melded into one?)
I hear the comment that it is really a symposium. Except the unsymposium is pickking up the unconference movement. A symposium would be defined in advance, contributors would prepare material a long time in advance, possibly even share their papers before hand. Here the questions or prompts don’t come from the speakers, and we don’t know what the other is going to say. The difference might appear small, but in surrendering some of the agenda to you it is qualitatively different to what a symposium ordinarily is.
Jackie has great questions about what would be shared in a hypertextual work. This is precisely the question that needs to be considered. There are lots of good answers, and so the problem it poses is how to craft a meaningful pattern rather than just experience it as difference or chaos. We won’t get there this semester, but this is what we explore in Integrated Media when we begin to make works with these qualities and then want to think about the sort of story and experience that could or should be made available.
Long Tail Vox Pops
Victoria has useful list. Key point? The long tail lets what we might think of as ‘minor’ but deeply important works to find an audience, survive, and be available. Courtney uses the long tail to think about blogs and blogging (blogs absolutely exhibit the long tail stuff), and how the long tail intersects with recommendation systems. Jackie thinks about friendships and connections, and hopefully some of the questions raised will be picked up by the next lot of readings. Dominic picks up on the importance of hubs (dense connectors). It is these hubs that make all the difference in small world networks as it is how you find your way from one point to another. Rebecca My meanwhile discusses Anderson’s three rules of the long tail for online business. Anna C notices that the long tail provides a way to rethink the creative economy online, with crowd sourcing, which didn’t exist when Anderson wrote his article, as a case in point.
Images and Niki?
New request in the marketplace, 2 marks available….
Variety (is sometimes good)
Courtney also picks up the video (that Alois and others have found) that is a great info-doco about the network. Monika discusses the long tail and Amazon, though the significance of the long tail is not that old things become hits, but that you can now sell things that aren’t hits, but for all the thousands (or millions) of things that only sell three times a month, that turns out to be more sales than the one book that sells a hundred thousand copies. The value is in the tail… Nga pulls up more stuff that Brian mentioned on the Stuart Hall codes and decoding (though I return to yesterday’s point, if an author has to subject themselves to ‘codes’ to be understood then this is, for me, further evidence that authorial intent is not what matters, codes are social and I have to bow to them, as an author, not they bow to me…), and how tenuous intent is. These blogs for us teachers are a case in point. The variety of interpretations, good and, well, just odd, that are made of what we say are really quite extraordinary in their range. So even in the 50 minutes of that conversation, what we mean goes all over the place with you.
Lauren writes about the unsymposium and wonders about intention and authors and that picture book I showed. What I like is her discussion about authors and intent and then she arrives at “if we write something that allows for different interpretations, we are showing that we are understanding how our audience works. actually, i don’t know. i lost myself just then.”. Notice the last sentence: “i just lost myself then.” If you can get lost in your own writing, and I mean lost as in not sure what’s going on, who’s in control, then again, why do we think authors are any different (they’re not, great authors are people who are OK with this experience of being lost and not in control when they write, their writing writes them as they write it).
Ella does a good job on the ‘long tail’, getting the (economic – which is only one point of significance) importance of the long tail, that the slow sellers actually add up to more than the hits, simply because as the long tail shows, there is just so many things there in the tail. And she’s got a link to Chris Anderson’s video discussing this idea.
Tiana uses Sacha Baron Cohen to make the case you can’t use the work to provide evidence of what the maker thinks or believes. It’s a very good example. Then she picks up that surely authors have some control. Except the sentence is “don’t texts have some sort of aim”. My reply is absolutely yes. Texts do. Texts, not their makers. Their makers are part of it (think back to Actor Network Theory, a novel, a film, works the same way between language, form, maker/s, the work, audience, technology, media, history, genre, style). And once we recognise that texts do this, we can think of them as more like people. They have an unconscious, just like us, and things they want to do. Yes, some of this is what we want to do, but some of it is what it wants to do. I can’t make a film that isn’t a rectangle. No matter what my intent. I can’t write a romance novel that is not then requiring me to subject myself to the codes and conventions of the genre – their intent are what I must negotiate. Tiana then uses the excellent example of persuasive writing, which is supposed to persuade. Yes it is, and we have had rules of rhetoric for 3000 years trying to show us how to do it. If it worked would we need 3000 years of commentary on how to do it? And if we knew how to do it, in other words if it actually worked, then why do most ads, most of the time, miss their mark? (After all this an entire very well funded industry dedicated only to persuasion.)
VoxPops from Unsymposium 0.3
Anna C notes some of the important things about hypertext. These are useful ideas and pointers. I’d recommend taking these as ideas that matter to things online, not just hypertext (which is one of the reasons why we are using hypertext as a way to approach ‘networks’). Your blog not just as a sort of hypertext, but as a networked practice and object – just begin, structure emerges over time through doing, and it proposes a world. On the other hand Anna C questions about my proposition about ‘insights into an author’s mind’ and provides Stephen Fry by way of example. Couple of points, when someone explicitly says ‘this is what I think’ this is not the same as reading their fiction or essay and from these tea leaves discern what we believe they think, or believe. Similarly with Stephen Fry, who is gay, but it is awfully difficult to discern from his acting career, or his published work, his sexuality, let alone prove it. So how do we know he is gay? Because he has told us. So yes, we can convey a sense of our self through our writing is we choose to, but that is a qualitatively different proposition to saying that when we write we inevitably always convey an authentic sense of our self to others.
Patrick riffs around authorial control. I think a useful way to soften this is to think about authorial intention, and then wonder how much of this is managed or not. I’d also point out that if I can ensure my message might make sense because I rely upon and use ‘codes and conventions’ then the definition of a code is that I am subject to it, not the other way round, so that is hardly the author being in charge of anything, is it? Sophie has a very good gloss of what was a very intense theoretical discussion, and uses my example of telling a story about Elliot and I as a way to think about the differences that linearity and multilinearity might provide. The issue with multilinearity is not that you can’t tell stories, but we need to learn how to tell them differently.
A Longer Tale
Denham has notes from the long tail reading, pulling out some useful quotes and key points. He notes that this shows that the immaterial network has impacts on real things. (Absolutely, there is nothing immaterial about the internet when we get right down to it.) The idea of the long tail describes the structure of the Web, and the structure of a hypertext such as the academic essay I showed in the unsymposium.
Meanwhile Zoe curates a series of talks, presentations and graphics to sketch out the next two weeks of networked thinking. Jia Li discusses how the long tail provides a new business model. What is important here is how it more or less disrupts some models of retail business, as a simple example (it took all of about 4 years for the iTunes music store to become the world’s largest music retailer). Patrick wonders why there isn’t more of the physical media with attached cloud version, for the one price. Amazon have just announced this with books, buy a book and you get the electronic one too. A lot of music does this, though I think the more common model is to provide bonus material online…
Uncertainty Versus Control
A theme of today’s unsymposium was about control. When working on the network and/or in interactive media you have one simple question. How do you want to respond or manage the experience of uncertainty. This uncertainty is any, or all of:
- my relation to what I make
- my relation to my audience
- what I make’s relation to the audience
- what I make’s relation to its parts
- my audience’s relation to the parts of what I make
- and whether my audience are users or an audience
All of these can be completely controlled, completely open, or (as is normally the case) somewhere in between. Control is the obverse to uncertainty. Do you have to insist that C follows B follows A, all the time? That what you make is fixed and can’t be touched/changed/altered? The audience is there to consume, not do? That the pieces of my work should stay still, just so? Our answers vary, but how these are answered largely defines the sort of interactive work you can and will make.