Part 1: Challenges in the Art world

Part 1
Jeff Koons has become a trademark for what not to do. He has been sued, slammed and reported on from since the 1980’s when he first copied Art Rogers Postcard ‘Puppies’ into a life-sized polychromed wood sculpture named ‘string of puppies’ in 1988. Issues revolved around copyright and fair use however, Koons complied with none of these conventions and was ordered to destroy his sculptural reproduction and the case was closed.

jeffkoons-puppies

Brian Sherwin (Art critic and writer for Fineartviews) contends “originality in art, as in all things, does not exist”. This concept raises a debate on whether or not an artwork can be truly original, and not appropriated from anything else. Robert Hughes examined Koons and his appropriations as “calculated and obvious attempts to manipulate collectors” thought their desire to be “challenged”. It’s true that his artworks are commercialized, kitsch and ‘readymade’; he has over 20 artisans working for him at once and manufacturing his ideas of everyday banal objects and transforming them with varnish, a reflective finish or enlarging.

c6dd23f8f1054c644134698b1ac0fe0eThis concept is far from original and is attributed to Marcel Duchamp‘s iconic urinal “” and readymade objects that coined the Dada movement in the early 20th century, which rejected logic praising nonsense, irrationality and intuition. Ironically this originality of anti-art has become the norm with Artists like Andy Warhol and Koons who have been exploiting its commercial appeal to the art market and its audience. Koons has also copied the idea of ‘artist as a label and celebrity’ from Warhol; making himself the commodity. Again Koons’ influence extends to Warhol’s iconic repetition of objects; as seen in the 32 canvases of “” in which the same image is reproduced with varied labels on the front. Koons’ repetition is now “too repetitive” and “unoriginal” for Postmodern art (Matthew Collings).andy-warhol-campbells-soup-cans_650

PART 2: New-age appropriation and ‘the remix’

Abstract

How to creatively respond to PB4

To create a good video and audio essay our group needs to rethink ‘what an essay is’. So what is an essay? Its are internalised artifacts which are brought together to form a coherent message or observation. We cant just want summaries the topic we have chosen. we need to experiment and develope a model, remix it, and create something new. We have challenge ourselves with teh information we find. We have to go further with teh research so then we can pull back interesting and important info. In the lecture and Workshop weve been told to dig a bit further in experimentation of the form. So for our video we im goign to try and make it seem as though there is a three act structure; beginning middle and end.

In Nick Moores video he talked about how an essay is an individual expressionistic form. Its not a documentary, its an opinion which comments and connects research. We look to films to tell us a story. Essay films are not a buntch of ideas, but they are about ideas which are looked at from the 4th wall. An essay film knows its a film which allows it to be a playgroud for ideas.

This is one of my favorite essay films:

Certeau

Certeau links “strategies” with institutions and structures of power who are the “producers”, while individuals are “consumers” acting in environments defined by strategies by using “tactics”. In the influential chapter “Walking in the City”, Certeau asserts that “the city” is generated by the strategies of governments, corporations, and other institutional bodies who produce things like maps that describe the city as a unified whole.

Certeau uses the vantage from the World Trade Center in New York to illustrate the idea of a panoptic, unified view. By contrast, the walker at street level moves in ways that are tactical and never fully determined by the plans of organizing bodies, taking shortcuts in spite of the strategic grid of the streets. This concretely illustrates Certeau’s argument that everyday life works by a process of poaching on the territory of others, using the rules and products that already exist in culture in a way that is influenced, but never wholly determined, by those rules and products.

Source

Institutions of today

Unpacking the institution:

Institutions must be enduring, regulate and stricture activities, are collectivist, develop working practices, employees and people associated are expected to share the values, public is aware of the status

Two instititions
The ABC (Australian Broadcast Corporation) is a good example because it has been around for a very long time. Its funded primarily though government taxing and do not show advertisements online or on TV. They are careful to protect their brand images because they insist they deliver reliable news which is unbiased.

Facebook is a container which fociuses primarily a social media. Its image youthful although they value all members of society. They regulate though user feedback. Facebook now has a social conglomerate after buying Whatsapp and Instagram. It generates money though advertising and shares data information with business clients to predict social trends

 

Im a bit worried

So after today meeting i really don’t feel comfortable about our theme. Originally we were just going to focus on how films are structured compared to other mediums. Now we have narrowed the theme to “What make a successful childrens narrative”. I dont feel comfortable doing this theme because i feel like we’ve backed ourselves into a corner. But if Hannah and Elise are comfortable with this theme i’m happy. I trust them.

Are the audiences listening?

Audience theories date back to the early 20th century. in the 70’s there was a shift towards the idea that the audience is active, and not passive. The patriachy was interested in these theories to understand how to advertise properly.

Broadcast paradigm: the effect tv has on the nation, it orginingally wasnt there for advertisint. The culture industry that comes out of the 40’s 50’s, german jewish and saw what what happening in cinema, nazi brainwashing. Saw the American system and thought it was just as bad. The media was focused on keeeping the masses controlled

Post-broadcast paradigm: understands audiences are more complex and it is about recognising teh ragmentation of the audience. its about consumers. its about a different category of consumption. Individual choice

We have only lived in a post-broadcast world

Establishments who are interested in these thories: government, advertisers, communication occupationists, prodution houses, social scientist/psychologists, cultural theories/ media scholars. They use semiotic analyses

key debates

  • means of production is cheaper,
  • distribution and consumption (internet)
  • no longer do places do one soul area of production
  • convergence of telco companies and television
  • aesthetic sensililities, the emergence of true tv narratives

Audience practices is the main one

  • The living room is now brocken
  • What are audiences doing now

Media effects thoery

  • Anxiety of tvs power
  • audeicnes is passive/ manipulated brainwashed
  • lab experiments, focus groups, playground

What happens if your work is taken to court for copyright infringement

When doing student research, like for the upcoming group assignments, we are covered by a fair dealing claus ‘educational purposes’. Although this covers us from copyright infringement, it may not hold up in law. So even when using fair dealings as an offence its better to be safe than sorry and get approval.

Its ok to use copyright works for assignments but internal passwords should be used. Its alright to use copyrighted photos in scrapbooks or on posters but if they are going public it is not ok.

Things that the court will look if you are taken to court.
The purpose and character or the work; is it mocking someone or made for unsociable reasons.
The amount borrowed from a work and its substantiality in relation to the whole video
The effect on the marketplace. if your video gets more money than the original or destablizes the copyright holder
The potential to license the material you used off the original e.g If there was no reply in the copyright holders email

Parody and satire can be used as a defence, but it could also defame someones name.
substantially similar 10% or 30% rule
adaptions / modifications – licence / contracted rights

Documentary Filmmakers’ Statement of Best Practices in Fair Use

Copyright: Right or Wrong?

Copyright is automatic and what you create is what you own. Copyright it doesn’t protect an idea, it protects a creation

e.g. you cant copyright the Pen, but you can copyright a pen design.

Its usually a good idea to mark your work with a statement. So if you’ve made a script and are giving it to people, make it obvious that the script is yours. So a heading thats says something like “The information in this document is confidential and must not be used or without first obtaining [name] written consent”

What are the different elements contained in copyright?

Exclusive rights: Sets out economic rights for your work e.g If someone can use if for commercial purposes
Original works: Are artistic, literary, dramatic works
Subject matter other than works: sound recording, cinematographic works, Tv, published editions
Exceptions: employer ownership, contract/licence, assignment of rights – youtube is given a non exclusive right

Moral rights: applies to all copyright works referencing – treatment of work
Integrity: – honour and reputation
Right of attribution: Its the creators right to be attributed to their creation. Offending this right by not attributing can lead to lawsuite
Right of false attribution: Self explanatory, if a work is falsely attributed to another person

Duration of copyright – Copyright lasts the life of the author plus 70 years. Different countries have differing terms. there are certain factors that influence duration of copyright aswell.

Even if the work is unpublished it is still under copyright. If it is published anonymously or under a pseudonym it is still under copyright

Exceptions: public – fair dealing, Education, Libraries/archives, Cultural institutions/museums
Infringement:  Rights of ownership. It is an infringement to use a substantial part of a work (quality rather than quantity) without permission e.g uploading Avengers to youtube. If the Moral rights of the copyright holder are challenge they can sue

 

 

Copyright Exploration

In todays Lectorial a portion was devoted to the concept of copyright and appropriation. My view on Copyright is a lot different now that im an ‘Adult’ because it means im more accountable for using other peoples material. Music is a big thing I use in my videos without asking for permission. Its kind of scary because someones more likely to sue. Ive been working on Abelton Live so that i can produce my own music instead on relying on getting permission.

Over the next week i’m going to research and then build an essay that explores the idea of originality by looking at the past, present and future of the art world.

I’ll split the essay into two sections which are linked bellow.

Part 1: Jeff Koons, Warhol and Duchamp – Challenges for the art world

Part 2: Michael Mandiberg – New age appropriation and ‘the remix’

 

Selected Listening N°9: Lyle Mays – Teiko (1987)


Teiko is amazing. The sweeping synths and symbols build a mechanical rhythm which entices us into a land of fantasy sounds. At about 4minutes into the song, the double bass and the Soprano saxophone come to the forfront. The percussion builts in voloume with these instruments. What i really like about this song, the album, and Jazz in genreal, is that everything magically ‘works’. Theres no ultimate climax, jazz is just progression from one hump to another. its not danceable, maybe head bobable, but
wash of synths and then offers a mechanical rhythm that is vaguely Asian in feeling
Piano, Synthesizer, Autoharp
Saxophone Double Bass